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治疗方式

慢性肾脏病人要如何吃得健康?

了解如何吃得好

当肾功能开始退化时,慢性肾脏病人可能需要调整饮食以防止多余的废物和水分在体内堆积,其目的是维持现有的肾功能并且延缓慢性肾脏病进展至第5阶段 – 肾衰竭(此阶段病人需要洗肾或接受肾脏移植)。病人的饮食需求也会随着肾脏病的进展而变化。

切记:
蛋白质
  • 末期肾脏病前期的病人蛋白质需求量比起洗肾病人来的少。
  • 虽然受损的肾脏在慢性肾脏病早期的阶段仍能运作, 但是它们还是无法很好地清除体内的代谢废物。
  • 摄取过多的蛋白质会增加肾脏的负担, 从而对肾脏造成更大的损害。
  • 摄取足够但不过量的蛋白质有助于保持肾功能和避免增加肾脏的负担。您的营养师或医生会告诉您一天需要摄取多少蛋白质。
  • 随着肾功能退化而无法有效地过滤代谢废物, 血液中的磷含量将会增加。
  • 血磷含量过高会导致皮肤瘙痒、关节疼痛、眼睛不适以及骨质疏松易碎。
  • 当肾小球滤过率降低及血液检测显示血磷过高时,慢性肾脏病病人可能需要限制饮食中磷的摄取。
  • 避免食用高磷的食物, 例如:
    • 沙丁鱼、江鱼仔和虾酱
    • 加工食品和罐头食品, 例如: 肉或鱼类的罐头食品、香肠、肉饼
    • 乳制品, 例如: 牛奶、芝士、酸奶
    • 豆制品, 例如: 各种坚果、种籽、绿/红豆汤
    • 麦芽饮料, 例如: 美禄 (Milo)、好立克 (Horlicks)、阿华田 (Ovaltine)
    • 巧克力和制成品
    • 动物内脏,例如: 肝、肠
    • 骨头熬炖的汤底, 例如:鸡爪、猪骨
    • 可乐
  • 钾是人体内重要的矿物质, 主要是帮助维持神经和肌肉的正常功能。
  • 血液中的钾含量过高可能会导致肌肉无力、心率异常, 在极端情况下, 还会导致心脏衰竭。
  • 病人的钾需求量随着肾脏病的不同阶段而改变。如果血液检测显示血清钾水平过高, 慢性肾脏病人可能需要限制钾的摄取。
  • 避免食用高钾的食物, 例如:
    • 高钾含量的水果和蔬菜
    • 全麦或未精制的谷粮、面包和饼干
    • 坚果、种籽和制成品,例如:巧克力、花生酱
    • 椰子和制成品, 例如: 椰浆、咖椰 (kaya)
    • 罐装/新鲜蔬果汁、传统草药、浓咖啡、浓茶、可可 / 麦芽饮料、牛奶、酒精饮品
    • 椰糖、糖蜜、枫糖、太妃糖、甘草
    • 高钾含量的代盐、瓶装酱、浓缩蔬菜汁/肉汁、鸡精、浓缩汤块

小贴士!您可以把切好的蔬菜浸泡在水中一到两小时, 然后把水分沥干烹煮, 以减少食物中的钾含量。

  • 钠天然存在于几乎所有食物里,多数加工和包装食品中都含有钠, 而盐则是膳食中钠的主要来源之一。
  • 摄取太多的钠会增加口渴的感觉, 导致病人喝过多的水分。这将使体重增加,因而导致血压升高,并加重心脏的负担。
  • 限制钠的摄取将帮助肾脏病人维持正常的体液平衡
  •  减少钠摄取的小贴士:
    • 限制烹调时加入的盐/酱料
    • 避免使用味精块和浓缩肉汁, 例如: 保卫尔牛肉汁 (Bovril)、妈蜜 (Marmite)
    • 避免食用瓶装浓缩鸡精
    • 阅读食品的营养标签, 选择每100克食品中钠含量低于120毫克的产品
    • 减少食用罐头和加工食品。如无法避免, 可在食用前把盐水沥干
    • 在烹煮时, 使用香料或天然调味料来取代盐/酱料
    • 使用新鲜酸柑、柠檬汁或醋来提升食物的味道

注意!肾脏病人应谨慎使用盐替代品, 因为它们的钾含量通常很高, 不应在未咨询医生或营养师的情况下使用。

水分
  • 除非得到肾脏内科医生的指示, 否则慢性肾脏病人在早期阶段一般不需限制水分的摄取。

*上述信息和建议仅供参考, 不应作为或被视为对任何个人的具体建议。如有任何疑问或担忧, 请咨询您的医生或其他医疗保健顾问。

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FAQ

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NKF does not provide ad hoc dialysis treatment. Our patients are on long-term dialysis treatment. You may wish to check with private dialysis centres for ad hoc dialysis treatments.

NKF does not have an outpatient clinic and hence, we are unable to arrange an appointment for members of the public. You may wish to contact a hospital of your choice for outpatient service.

Currently, NKF does not provide health report interpretation service. You may consult your General Practitioner who will be able to assist you.

Someone with kidney failure may not experience any signs and symptoms until it is too late. It is best to do a routine health screening to understand your health status better and detect any abnormalities as early as possible so that you can delay and manage the disease progression.

To know about the signs and symptoms please click here to learn more.

Decreased urination Swollen hands and ankles Sleep disturbances
Blood in the urine (tea-coloured or fresh blood) Puffiness around the eyes High blood pressure
Nausea and vomiting Itching Loss of appetite

All dialysis centres operate on 3 dialysis shifts –morning, noon and evening.

Morning Noon Evening
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Timing of your dialysis schedule may vary for each dialysis centres.
Schedules
Monday, Wednesday and Friday (1,3,5) OR Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday (2,4,6)

Admissions

Our Admissions Counsellor will contact you once your application is finalised. They will be in contact with you soon.

From the day we receive the application form, it will take approximately 3 working days to a week for us to get back to you if you have submitted all completed supporting documents together with your application form to us. Generally, the whole process will take 6 months for the approval.

The overall application review process will take approximately 6 months before the applicant can start the first dialysis treatment. However, if the applicant is able to provide all completed supporting documents and if there is a slot available at the dialysis centre with a right match to the time slot, the waiting time could be shorter.

Currently, we do not have status checking service online. NKF Admissions Counsellor will be in contact with the applicants regarding the status.

You may pick it up from the NKF main office at 81 Kim Keat Road, Singapore 328836 or call us at 6506 2187 to have the forms sent to you.

Means Test is used to determine the amount of subsidies each person needing care is eligible for. Persons from lower income households will be granted higher subsidies under the means test framework.

Means Test subsidies calculation is based in accordance to MOH guidelines.

Our NKF Admissions Counsellor in-charge will contact you in regards to your means test status.

The Medical Social Workers at your hospital will be able to advise you on the different type of subsidies based on your financial situation.

Kidney Live Donor Support Fund

For information on kidney donation in Singapore, you may wish to contact the National Organ Transplant Unit at Tel: 6321 4390 or email organ.transplant@notu.com.sg.

NKF’s Kidney Live Donor Support Fund covers annual health screenings and medical follow-ups; one-time reimbursement for loss of 2 months actual income of $8,500, whichever is lower: reimbursement of hospitalisation and surgical insurance premiums (capped at MediShield Life premiums); pre-transplant screening and evaluation costs for up to 2 potential donors per kidney recipient; and insurance coverage for Group Living. Policy based on sum insured of $200,000.

For more information and eligibility, please click here. 

Donation & Volunteering

You can make the donation through different platforms:

  1. For online donation: please visit https://nkfs.org/support-us/donation-programmes/
  2. Or you may like to issue a cheque made payable to “The National Kidney Foundation” or “NKF” and mail it to us at 81 Kim Keat Road, Singapore 328836.
  3. Alternatively, you may contact us at 1800-KIDNEYS (5436397) or email us at lifedrops@nkfs.org to send you the donation form.
  4. Road Singapore 328836.

Thank you for your generosity. The cheque should be issued to “The National Kidney Foundation” or “NKF”.

Thank you for bequeathing your CPF contributions to NKF. You can fill up the CPF nomination form which can be downloaded from the CPF website. NKF’s UEN is 200104750M.

Thank you for your generosity. You may like to visit the Ministry of Law’s website where you can find a list of lawyers based in Singapore. Please visit https://eservices.mlaw.gov.sg/lsra/search-lawyer-or-law-firm/

Our UEN/ Company Registration No. / GST Registration No. is 200104750M.

Please send us an email at lifedrops@nkfs.org or call us at 1800-KIDNEYS (5436397) and we will assist you accordingly.

You may email your new mailing address to lifedrops@nkfs.org , Please include your full name, contact number, old mailing address and UEN or NRIC/FIN (last 3 digits)

You may email us at lifedrops@nkfs.org to get the donation form. Please fill up your new GIRO/credit card number, donation amount and sign the form. Thereafter, post the GIRO form back to NKF for processing.

For credit card, you may wish to scan the form and send it to NKF via either of these options:

Email – lifedrops@nkfs.org

Fax – 6253 0417

Mail – 81 Kim Keat Road, Singapore 328836

Please email us at lifedrops@nkfs.org with your full name, UEN/NRIC/FIN and mailing address.

Please email us at lifedrops@nkfs.org to have the termination form sent to you. Please fill it up and send it back to us for processing and auditing purposes.

All outright cash donations to NKF are entitled to tax deduction because NKF is a registered charity with an IPC (Institutions of Public Character) status. We are able to issue tax deductible receipts for qualifying donations to our donors.

You are entitled to a tax deduction of 2.5 times the value of your donation in the preceding year.

You may sign up via our website at https://onlinereg.nkfs.org/vms/volunteerapplicationform.aspx.

If you do not have access to the internet, please call us at 1800-KIDNEYS (5436397) to have the application form sent to you. Please fill it up and send it back to us at 81 Kim Keat Road Singapore 328836.

Once we receive your application, our colleague from the Donor and Volunteer Management Department will contact you for a phone interview. After which, you will be invited to attend our volunteer orientation. This is to allow you to have a better understanding of the volunteering activities.

The minimum age is 13 years old. For volunteers who are below the age of 21, you will need to get parental consent. You may download the consent form here.

We strongly encourage our volunteers to commit at least a year so that we can better support our patients. Our programmes and activities are flexible, you can choose your volunteering schedule according to your interest and availability.

You may volunteer with us basing on your availability. We will send a weekly email to our volunteers indicating the up-coming volunteering opportunities. You can then match your availability to the activity schedule.

We have an array of volunteering activities to suit your interest and availability. To learn more about the volunteering activities we offer, please visit https://nkfs.org/support-us/volunteer-programmes/.

Anyone and everyone can join us as a volunteer. All applicants will be required to undergo a mandatory orientation session where you will gain insights into the Foundation’s cause, kidney disease as well as learn more about the volunteering activities we offer. Regular trainings are also conducted for all volunteers so that they can better perform their role.

Most definitely! We welcome schools, companies and community groups to volunteer with us as part of their Values In Action and Corporate Social Responsibility activities. Please get in touch with us on your interest by sending an email to volunteer@nkfs.org.

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