Kidney Failure
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) means that your kidneys have been irreversibly damaged and the extent of the damage will only increase over time. There are five stages of CKD. CKD stage 5 refers to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), also known as kidney failure.
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Stage 1 eGFR 90+ |
Stage 2 eGFR 60-89 |
Stage 3 3A eGFR 45-59 3B eGFR 30-44 |
Stage 4 eGFR 15-29 |
Stage 5 eGFR < 15 or on dialysis |
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| Normal kidney function but urinalysis or structural abnormalities may indicate kidney disease | Mildly reduced kidney function, and other findings (as for stage 1) point to kidney disease | Moderately reduced kidney function | Severely reduced kidney function | Very severe or End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) |
The term estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) refers to the measurement of kidney function. As CKD progresses, the eGFR declines and the patient will eventually need to undergo dialysis or transplant to survive.
Signs & Symptoms
Early Stage
- No clear symptoms with possible bubbles/blood in urine
Mid Stage
- Loss of appetite
- Swelling
- Fatigue
Late Stage
- Ammonia breath
- Loss of appetite/diarrhoea
- Difficulty breathing
- Swelling
- Nausea/vomitting
- Loss of consciousness
- Anaemia
How to check if I have kidney disease?
There are 2 tests to detect kidney disease.
Urine Test
(called Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio or Urine Protein Creatinine Ratio)
A urine test checks for protein leakage in the urine. Abnormal protein leakage level may be a sign of kidney disease.
Blood Test
A blood test measures the amount of serum creatinine in the blood, which tells you how well your kidneys are working to remove this waste out of your body. This is then used to calculate eGFR based on your age, gender and the body surface area.
Talk to your doctor to understand more about these tests or visit NKF’s CKD Clinic to find out more about our kidney screening programme.
